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This introductory chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the European Union’s pre-accession assistance mechanisms, tracing their historical origins and development from the 1970s to the present day. It examines the rationale underlying the concept of pre-accession assistance as designed by the European Commission, along with the objectives, milestones, outcomes, and impacts of key instruments, including PHARE, ISPA, SAPARD, and the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) in its successive iterations. Additionally, it explores the main findings of the Handbook—both chapter by chapter and through cross-country comparison—offering the first-ever global overview of EU pre-accession aid implementation across 20 countries, highlighting the similarities and differences relevant to the comparative study of this specific EU fund.

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European Union Enlargement and Pre-accession Assistance Funding

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Alice Cunha

摘要

This introductory chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the European Union’s pre-accession assistance mechanisms, tracing their historical origins and development from the 1970s to the present day. It examines the rationale underlying the concept of pre-accession assistance as designed by the European Commission, along with the objectives, milestones, outcomes, and impacts of key instruments, including PHARE, ISPA, SAPARD, and the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) in its successive iterations. Additionally, it explores the main findings of the Handbook—both chapter by chapter and through cross-country comparison—offering the first-ever global overview of EU pre-accession aid implementation across 20 countries, highlighting the similarities and differences relevant to the comparative study of this specific EU fund.