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This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of computer vision and digital image processing, emphasizing their role in enabling machines to interpret visual information similarly to human vision. It outlines the hierarchical structure of a vision system—low-, mid, and high-level processing—highlighting that most algorithms discussed in the book operate within the first two levels. The chapter explains the process of digital image formation, including image representation as a two-dimensional matrix and the basic relationships between pixels such as neighborhood (4- and 8-connectivity), connectivity types, and distance measures (Euclidean, city block, and chessboard). Practical aspects of image handling are also covered through the use of OpenCV, detailing essential operations for reading, displaying, and writing images in various formats. Overall, the chapter establishes the theoretical and practical foundations necessary for understanding and implementing vision-based computational systems.

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Introduction

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Erik Cuevas,
  • Alma Nayeli Rodriguez-Vazquez,
  • Beatriz A. Rivera-Aguilar,
  • Jesús A. López-Luquín,
  • Carlos Guzmán-Rosales

摘要

This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of computer vision and digital image processing, emphasizing their role in enabling machines to interpret visual information similarly to human vision. It outlines the hierarchical structure of a vision system—low-, mid, and high-level processing—highlighting that most algorithms discussed in the book operate within the first two levels. The chapter explains the process of digital image formation, including image representation as a two-dimensional matrix and the basic relationships between pixels such as neighborhood (4- and 8-connectivity), connectivity types, and distance measures (Euclidean, city block, and chessboard). Practical aspects of image handling are also covered through the use of OpenCV, detailing essential operations for reading, displaying, and writing images in various formats. Overall, the chapter establishes the theoretical and practical foundations necessary for understanding and implementing vision-based computational systems.