This chapter provides an overview of the main instruments used to assess learning achievement and adult skills. It addresses the central methodological challenge of distinguishing between performance and competence, emphasizing that any assessment can only observe performance in a specific context and must then draw inferences about the underlying competences.

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A Review of International and Regional Achievement Tests in the Long-Run

  • Nadir Altinok,
  • Claude Diebolt

摘要

This chapter provides an overview of the main instruments used to assess learning achievement and adult skills. It addresses the central methodological challenge of distinguishing between performance and competence, emphasizing that any assessment can only observe performance in a specific context and must then draw inferences about the underlying competences.