This chapter synthesizes the study’s results into a coherent overview. It confirms that land-use and land-cover changes particularly deforestation and intensive agriculture are the predominant drivers of the observed decline in runoff, whereas climate variability alone has not exerted a significant long-term influence. Key contributions include the identification of threshold values for forest (1.35 km2) and agricultural (1.30 km2) cover beyond which runoff responses become pronounced, as well as evidence of basin-to-delta linkages through altered flow and sediment delivery from upland areas. Framing these findings within broader water-security and governance debates, the chapter links empirical results to concepts of catchment resilience and underscores the need for integrated water management strategies that explicitly address land-use and land-cover impacts to safeguard both upland and downstream environments.