Travel to the source of an art or sport, what I have termed apprenticeship pilgrimage, is an important way that individuals can augment their legitimacy within a social field (Miller Griffith, In search of legitimacy: how outsiders become part of the Afro-Brazilian capoeira tradition, 2016). However, there are other ways in which more mundane mobilities shape individuals’ philosophies of practice. Some of these promote continuity within the ideological framings of the social field, others promote diversity and may challenge traditional teachings. Within capoeira, there is a generally accepted discourse asserting that the art as we know it today was created when enslaved Africans in Brazil disguised their martial training as a form of recreation (i.e., dance). Yet, how this narrative translates into everyday practice is quite variable. Some students, particularly those who do not have many options in who they can choose as their teacher or those for whom capoeira is but a brief interlude in their leisure careers, will likely adopt their teacher’s philosophy; however, those who gain greater exposure to the breadth of the capoeira community have more opportunities to develop their own unique philosophy of practice. This is particularly true of mobile adults in large, diverse nations like the United States who move away from home to pursue college education and employment in cosmopolitan centers. In this chapter, I will highlight the ways in which various forms mobilities shape the trajectories taken by martial artists and discuss the ways in which the development of these personal philosophies of practice affects the social field at large. This analysis is based upon a series of more than thirty interviews conducted with capoeiristas in the United States between 2016 and 2022.

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Mobility and the Development of Personal Philosophies of Practice

  • Lauren Miller

摘要

Travel to the source of an art or sport, what I have termed apprenticeship pilgrimage, is an important way that individuals can augment their legitimacy within a social field (Miller Griffith, In search of legitimacy: how outsiders become part of the Afro-Brazilian capoeira tradition, 2016). However, there are other ways in which more mundane mobilities shape individuals’ philosophies of practice. Some of these promote continuity within the ideological framings of the social field, others promote diversity and may challenge traditional teachings. Within capoeira, there is a generally accepted discourse asserting that the art as we know it today was created when enslaved Africans in Brazil disguised their martial training as a form of recreation (i.e., dance). Yet, how this narrative translates into everyday practice is quite variable. Some students, particularly those who do not have many options in who they can choose as their teacher or those for whom capoeira is but a brief interlude in their leisure careers, will likely adopt their teacher’s philosophy; however, those who gain greater exposure to the breadth of the capoeira community have more opportunities to develop their own unique philosophy of practice. This is particularly true of mobile adults in large, diverse nations like the United States who move away from home to pursue college education and employment in cosmopolitan centers. In this chapter, I will highlight the ways in which various forms mobilities shape the trajectories taken by martial artists and discuss the ways in which the development of these personal philosophies of practice affects the social field at large. This analysis is based upon a series of more than thirty interviews conducted with capoeiristas in the United States between 2016 and 2022.