This chapter examines how Mexico’s 1917 Constitution became the world’s first national covenant to grant women equal salary rights. Yet this provision did not originate from women’s demands. During the Mexican Revolution, women workers increasingly participated in strikes and labor organizations, but they typically accepted gendered wage divisions. The demand for equal pay initially focused on nationality rather than gender, as Mexican workers protested that foreign companies paid their nationals higher wages. Male-led unions, particularly textile workers and typographers, gradually extended equal pay demands to include gender as part of wage standardization strategies. Delegates to the 1916–1917 Constitutional Convention upheld this progressive labor provision mainly because they viewed working women as evidence of patriarchal failure—men’s inability to serve as sole breadwinners forced women into the workforce out of economic necessity. While granting equal pay to working-class women, delegates preserved patriarchal privileges for middle-class families through civil codes requiring husbands’ permission for wives to work. Revolutionary Mexico’s most progressive labor provision thus coexisted with traditional gender hierarchies.