The Challenge of 3D Scanning and Printing Copies in Natural History Museum Exhibits
摘要
The evolution of digital design applications as well as the development of technologies that improve processing power as well as minimize the volume of circuits have been instrumental in the development of 3D printers. Their field of application is constantly expanding in a multitude of fields. The modern market demands resilient supply chains that are able to cope with periods of high fluctuation in demand and supply (eg during a pandemic) such that they are able to quickly respond and recover from unforeseen events. The shrinking time needed to develop customized products at the lowest possible cost and the lowest possible failure probability are factors that prove that the possibilities this technology holds for the future are innumerable. The use of 3d scanning and 3d printing is gaining ground in the field of cultural heritage conservation as a technique to create faithful copies of objects that can be used for educational and research purposes. Especially fragile objects need to maintain their integrity. In this specific work, exhibits from a natural history museum were scanned in order to print faithful copies which will be used as educational material in the museum. Primarily, the use of replicas of museum exhibits may be able to convey to the visitor of an exhibition multiple museological messages and provide a complete museum experience(when the original exhibits are impossible to exhibit due to high transport costs from the warehouses to the exhibition, bureaucracy or rarity of the collection itself). Secondly, the poor state of preservation of an exhibit, the vulnerability of the construction material (inc. in fragile shells in shells, crustaceans or fossils of the Helmi Collection) as well as the risk of worsening their damage due to poor handling or inappropriate microclimate conditions make it necessary to exhibit copies. 3D printing is an alternative practice - given that it opposes the “traditional” ban on touching objects in museums, while the use of museum copies in educational programs is offered in the case of special groups of audiences, such as young children, people with dementia or mentally retarded, visually impaired, etc., who can understand the exhibit through touch. Finally, the 3d scanning technique is used to virtually represent a complete copy of an exhibit, preserving all its details so that there is a digital representation that can come into physical form using 3d printing.