With the continuous deepening of digital transformation, e-learning has become an essential component of the education, and the evaluation of its effectiveness has emerged as a crucial factor in measuring its quality and impact. However, the current effectiveness evaluation is faced with many challenges, including complex assessment entities, diverse evaluation needs, and relatively low assessment accuracy. To address these issues, this paper constructs an e-learning effectiveness evaluation model from outcome layer, capability layer, and technical support layer based on the “ends-ways-means” theoretical framework. This model comprehensively evaluates e-learning satisfaction, e-learning capabilities, and digital support degrees, examining the e-learning service quality, capability effectiveness, and technical assistance from a system engineering perspective. This research, emphasizing the significance of digital technology support, helps in gaining a deeper understanding of the actual effects of e-learning, and also provides a scientific basis for the continuous optimization and development of e-education.