Power and Influence II
摘要
This chapter deepens the analysis of the power and influence of Menschenbilder by showing how they shape subjectivity—what it feels like to be. Beyond moulding embodiment and personality, Menschenbilder impress themselves on basic self-feelings and on quasi-transcendental self-feelings of autonomy, individuality, and identity. They do so through at least three mechanisms: (1) interpretive modulation of feelings (interpretation changes how feelings feel); (2) differential identification (which feelings we take as truly “ours”); and (3) attentional focus (which experiences we amplify or downplay). The result is culturally patterned horizons of experience that many agents cannot even imagine otherwise. While powerful, these effects have limits: human malleability is bounded; typifications, environments, and institutions co-determine outcomes; and historical attempts at engineered “new humans” largely failed. Menschenbilder are also reciprocally shaped by lived experience and function as cultural catalysts: once beliefs about humans permeate the societal Menschenbild (e.g. Freud’s unconscious), they amplify across intentionality, institutions, and self-understanding. The chapter closes by locating these dynamics in an anthropological need for self-images through which humans continually form themselves.