Medicinal plant-based synthesized nanomaterials (NMs) are currently attracting significant attention due to their therapeutic applications including metabolic health, microbial infections and drug-resistant pathogens issues. Herbal extracts offer a potential means for generating NMs through safer pathways. The phytochemicals present is the medicinal plants extracted can synthesize the reduced and stabilized nanoparticles (NPs). The medicinal plant-mediated NPs have diverse applications in various fields, particularly in drug delivery. Recently, numerous research groups have synthesized NPs via several bio-resources. This chapter highlights the recent advancements in the fabrication of NPs by utilizing medicinal plant extracts and exploring their biomedical applications, including cancer treatment, antibiotics, antiviral agents, and the treatment of some other diseases. This chapter also highlights the extraction method from medicinal plants and their type, various factors that affect the synthesis process, characterization tools, recent advancement of the plant-mediated NPs, and various applications of synthesized NPs, focusing on their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low toxicity.