Plant-based nanocomposites are produced by combining natural plant-based materials with nanomaterials to produce composites with better characteristics. Nanocomposites are gaining popularity due to their biodegradability, sustainability, and potential applications in various industries. Natural polymers, including chitosan, starch, and cellulose, are standard components of nanocomposite materials, along with metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. It is supplemented with biomass and plant fibres as natural fillers. Due to their biocompatibility and ability to incorporate bioactive compounds, nanocomposite materials are currently employed in numerous applications, including the creation of biodegradable packaging components and clinical applications such as drug delivery systems, wound bandages, and tissue engineering. These are also used as structural components, coatings, insulation, and materials for improved performance and sustainability. Apart from being appropriate for use in agricultural applications like biodegradable insulation films, which aid in soil moisture retention and weed control, and in water treatment processes where they can adsorb pollutants or serve as carriers for catalysts that break down contaminants, Nanocomposites are also well suited for use in electronics like flexible sensors, conductive films, and wearable technology components. Nanocomposites are becoming more popular because of their biodegradability, sustainability, and flexibility. Many issues with nanocomposites exist today, including scalability, standardization, and low consumer acceptance because of a lack of knowledge. So, plant-based nanocomposites offer a viable path for creating sustainable materials with various uses. More investigation and innovation in this domain may result in the development of novel biomaterials that fulfil the requirements of diverse sectors like agriculture, industry, and clinical uses.