Digital literacy has become a timely requirement for the cultivation of talents in vocational education. In order to clarify the development context and evolution trend of cultivating digital literacy for vocational education talents, the CiteSpace software was used to conduct a visual analysis of 339 journal papers retrieved from CNKI. The research found that in the past decade, the research on cultivating digital literacy for vocational education talents in China has been increasingly heated, which is obviously influenced by national policies. However, there are still some deficiencies such as a single research method, a weak theoretical foundation, and a lack of academic exchanges and cooperation. The research hot topics cover four aspects: the path of digital transformation of vocational education, the theoretical logic and practical needs of digital literacy, the exploration of talent cultivation models, and the application of digital skills. The research topics present three characteristics of strategy transformation, concept change, and goal shift in the understanding and application of digital literacy, and have gone through three stages: the contact period, the expansion period, and the innovation period. In the future, the research on cultivating digital literacy for vocational education talents should focus on three aspects: promoting the construction of a framework that takes into account both generality and characteristics, exploring practical methods for cultivating digital literacy, and accelerating the research of multi-disciplinary integration.