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By the 1870s, evolution was widely accepted, yet its mechanisms remained a central topic of debate. Scholars sought to reframe and integrate various theoretical frameworks, including Darwin’s. This period also saw a generational shift within the natural sciences, alongside the professionalization of biological studies, which led to a diversification of research methods, languages, and areas of inquiry, fostering a multicentric debate. This chapter examines this phase, focusing on some critical junctures in the evolutionary debate between the 1880s and early 1900s. It argues that the emergence of “non-Darwinian” schools did not constitute a wholesale antagonism toward Darwin’s legacy. While these scholars critiqued his principles, many still viewed their research agendas as part of a broadly defined Darwinian tradition, building upon his legacy.

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Evolutionary Biology Across the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries: Pluralism and Theoretical Inhomogeneity

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • David Ceccarelli

摘要

By the 1870s, evolution was widely accepted, yet its mechanisms remained a central topic of debate. Scholars sought to reframe and integrate various theoretical frameworks, including Darwin’s. This period also saw a generational shift within the natural sciences, alongside the professionalization of biological studies, which led to a diversification of research methods, languages, and areas of inquiry, fostering a multicentric debate. This chapter examines this phase, focusing on some critical junctures in the evolutionary debate between the 1880s and early 1900s. It argues that the emergence of “non-Darwinian” schools did not constitute a wholesale antagonism toward Darwin’s legacy. While these scholars critiqued his principles, many still viewed their research agendas as part of a broadly defined Darwinian tradition, building upon his legacy.