This study investigates the critical factors influencing the post-ERP performance shift of Human Resource Management (HRM) in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) organizations in Bangladesh, utilizing the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. Drawing on the empirical evidence, the research evaluates the impact of five determinants, Competitive Environment, Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Efficiency, Top Management Support, and Training, on post-ERP performance shift in HRM. The findings reveal that Competitive Environment, Perceived Compatibility, Perceived Efficiency, and Top Management Support significantly enhance post-ERP performance, whereas Training does not show a statistically significant effect. These results underscore the importance of aligning ERP systems with organizational processes, supported by effective leadership, system fit, and external responsiveness. The study also emphasizes the need for fostering an innovation-driven culture, strengthening vendor partnerships, and ensuring system scalability and compliance in the post-ERP phase. By addressing these strategic and operational factors, HR departments can improve efficiency, agility, and data integrity, ultimately enhancing organizational competitiveness. The research contributes to the growing discourse on digital transformation in HRM and offers actionable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and enterprise system stakeholders in emerging market contexts.