The adoption of digital technologies and intelligent systems is significantly enhancing efficiency and safety across the global agri-food industry. Integrating Industry 4.0 objectives with circular economy principles offers effective solutions to challenges such as resource scarcity and environmental impact. This study proposes a leagile supply chain model—combining lean and agile methodologies—to optimize mango supply chains worldwide. By leveraging Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in postharvest processes such as drying and storage, the model enables remote monitoring and control of key environmental parameters. CPS technologies, through sensors, actuators, and data-driven algorithms, provide real-time feedback, minimize human error, and support precision in decentralized processing units. Findings show a reduction in total supply chain time from 41 to 30 days (26.8%), with efficiency gains of 25% in harvesting and 28.5% in storage. The integration of CPS strengthens circular supply chain practices, reduces losses, and enhances sustainability, profitability, and system resilience across global mango supply chains.