This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the Polish pharmaceutical market between 2015 and 2023, focusing on key structural, financial, and technological trends. The study is based on empirical data concerning the number of pharmacies and employment, the value and volume of prescription drug sales, the dynamics of e-prescriptions and telemedicine, as well as patient expenditures and reimbursement. Special attention has been given to the role of Information and Technology (IT) systems in increasing the efficiency of pharmaceutical supply chain management. The results indicate a consolidation of the pharmacy market alongside an increase in employment, a significant rise in the value of drug sales, and nearly complete digitalization of the prescription system through the introduction of e-prescriptions. Patients are bearing increasing costs for medications, despite the growing value of reimbursement from the National Health Fund (NFZ). Technological progress, including the application of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and big data, plays a crucial role in optimizing logistical processes and enhancing supply security, which is essential in the face of the industry’s growing growth rate. The chapter emphasizes the importance of continuous adaptation and investment in innovation to maintain competitiveness and efficiency in the dynamically changing pharmaceutical sector. Understanding these trends is essential for all stakeholders—from policymakers and managers of pharmaceutical facilities to manufacturers and patients.