The risingissue of environmental contamination by synthetic pesticides has triggered studies on sustainable, environmental- friendly remediation alternatives. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes have significant importance in the biodegradation, as they serve as sources of enzymatic power to degrade pesticide residues in soil, water, and biological systems. Through enzyme-mediated reaction, toxicants are transformed to non-toxic end products suchas CO2, H2O, and biomass as described here. Soil microbial reactions to the amendment ofpesticides determine the interaction with specific enzymes (hydrolases, oxidoreductases, and lyases) recognizing the structure of the pesticides and transferring them into degradation or storage. This strategy is bioaugmentation, the introduction of successful pesticide-degrading strains into an environment where native organisms do notpossess the ability to degrade. Microbial biodegradation should also be applied tosustainable agriculture to alter the soil microbiome with reduced chemical fertilization. Applicationof microbial probiotics in pesticide detoxification in human health is considered a “One Health” strategy. The development of engineeredstrains and synthetic microbial consortia provides another approach for enhancing the efficiency of bioremediation. Investigations of strains such as Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, and Aspergillus depict various degrading mechanisms of organophosphates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and triazine pesticides. The outcome of this research revealed that microbial biodegradation could offer a powerful and sustainable tool for reducing pesticide contamination and preserving ancestralecological systems, and the significant contribution of microbial communities to ecological welfare and environmental concerns.