The green algae family Chlorophyceae is distinguished by its exceptional metabolic plasticity and tolerance to various environmental circumstances. Due to their versatility and adaptability, they are now essential components of environmental-friendly remediation techniques. This chapter examines the biochemical processes by which Chlorophyceae flourish in contaminated environments and their potential for long-term remedial use. By focusing on their metabolic processes, responses to stress, and interactions with pollutants, this chapter highlights the significance of Chlorophyceae in mitigating environmental pollution.