Advocacy is at the core of what it means to be a pediatrician. Including an advocacy curriculum as part of pediatric residency training is required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and allows pediatric residents to develop skills they can use to incorporate advocacy into their future careers. The socio-ecological framework can guide pediatric residency programs in conceptualizing advocacy at the levels of the individual, the community, societal structures, and policy. In caring for individual children and families, pediatricians learn to advocate for the individual needs of their patients with consideration for the environments they live in and the social drivers of health at the root of health inequities. Pediatricians can work with community organizations and structures to further advocate for the health and well-being of children in their local community. However, when they advocate for policy changes at the legislative level, they can impact the health of entire populations of children, far beyond their local community. Creating, implementing, and evaluating an advocacy curriculum requires thoughtful planning, but resources and support from medical societies like the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) can help programs be successful in teaching residents about advocacy while fulfilling training requirements.