For ecosystems and human health, it is essential to maintain the quality of the air, water, and soil, which calls for environmental monitoring. Because of their unique physicochemical properties and high surface area-to-volume ratio, which offer enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, nano-enabled sensors have emerged as highly useful instruments in this field. These sensors detect trace levels of contaminants such organic poisons, heavy metals, and greenhouse gasses using nanomaterials like metal–organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, and graphene derivatives. This chapter focuses on current advancements in nano-enabled sensor technologies, with a focus on various nanomaterial modifications that improve their performance in a variety of environmental conditions. These sensors are particularly helpful for tracking dynamic environmental changes and identifying pollution sources in real time. Integration with wireless networks and the Internet of Things, which enables remote, comprehensive environmental tracking, further increases their importance. The creation of nano-enabled sensors is a significant step toward pollution reduction and sustainable environmental management. By addressing concerns like sensor stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact, nano-enabled sensors have the potential to support data-driven decision-making for ecological preservation and pollution management.