External Devices for Male Stress Urinary Incontinence
摘要
External device has been used as an alternative to indwelling catheter, or surgical intervention, in the management of male incontinence. The main type of external devices can be divided into absorbent products, penile clamps and external urethral catheters. An increasing portion of external devices are reusable products to improve sustainability. The use of external device reduces the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection and incontinence-related dermatitis. The choice of external device should be assessed with a holistic, patient-centred approach, on the volume of urine leakage, timing of leakage, activity level, comorbidities, and patients’ preference.