Cable Flap Concept in the Lower Extremity Reconstruction
摘要
Microsurgery has expanded reconstructive surgery’s elements in lower-limb reconstruction. Sometimes, a suitable vessel cannot be located in the recipient site, particularly in traumatized patients. Procedures such as cross-leg free flap, cross-leg vascular cable bridge flap, AV loop, and vein/artery transposition can be used in such cases. As we have noted that there is increased risk of thrombosis in AV loop and vein/artery transposition, we rather prefer the cross-leg free flap or cross-leg vascular cable bridge flap procedures, where the opposite limb acts as vascular supply. The most common procedure among these is the cross-leg vascular cable bridge flap. The primary cause of this is because the skin cover of the vascular cable bridge flap radial forearm free tissue flap used in this procedure prevents the anastomoses from avulsing. The use of local and regional flaps is extremely limited, especially when reconstructing the soft tissue coverage in the distal third of the lower limb. A three-stage reconstruction can be used in patients with an open post-traumatic wound in this region and a single suitable recipient vessel. While the radial forearm flap is commonly used as a bridge flap, other free flaps can also be used. The most common vascular supply is the posterior tibial arteries and veins of the contralateral limb. In the second stage where soft tissue reconstruction takes place, both legs are fixed together using an external fixator to prevent the anastomoses from avulsing. At the final stage, the external fixators and the proximal end of the radial forearm flap are removed following confirmation of flap viability, defect reconstruction is completed with a rotational flap, and transferred to the right leg where defect reconstruction is made. The patient must go through a rigorous physical therapy regimen before being allowed to move following this multistage procedure. This procedure is a reliable treatment option despite certain drawbacks, such as a multistage process and a prolonged immobilization period, particularly in selected patients with no suitable recipient vessels.