Femur fractures, a critical orthopedic concern, demand a multifaceted approach tailored to fracture type, patient age, and overall health. These injuries range from proximal fractures, common among the elderly due to osteoporosis, to femoral shaft and distal femur fractures typically caused by high-energy trauma in younger individuals. Proximal femur fractures include femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and subtrochanteric fractures. Diagnostic imaging such as X-rays and CT scans guides classification and treatment. Femoral neck fractures are treated with fixation in younger patients, while arthroplasty is preferred for older, less active individuals. Intertrochanteric fractures benefit from sliding hip screws or intramedullary nails depending on stability. Subtrochanteric fractures, with unique challenges due to deforming forces, often require intramedullary nailing or submuscular plating. Femoral shaft fractures result from severe trauma and are usually managed with intramedullary nailing, allowing early mobilization. Open fractures may need external fixation or staged procedures. Early fixation minimizes complications such as fat embolism syndrome and infections, especially in polytrauma cases. Distal femur fractures involve the supracondylar or intercondylar regions. Treatment varies from nonoperative management for stable fractures to open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or retrograde intramedullary nailing for displaced fractures. Restoration of joint alignment is the key goal. Complications, including infection, nonunion, malunion, and hardware failure, underscore the need for precise surgical techniques and vigilant postoperative care. Long-term outcomes can be influenced by patient comorbidities, with older individuals often facing prolonged recovery. Advancements in imaging and surgical methods, such as intramedullary nailing and locking plates, have significantly improved outcomes. However, effective management requires early diagnosis, appropriate intervention, and a multidisciplinary approach. Efforts to minimize complications, promote timely rehabilitation, and address specific fracture challenges—such as osteonecrosis in femoral neck fractures or malunion in subtrochanteric fractures—remain paramount in ensuring functional recovery. In conclusion, treating femur fractures involves balancing innovative techniques with personalized care. By adhering to evidence-based protocols and advancing surgical tools, orthopedic surgeons can enhance recovery and improve patients’ quality of life after these complex injuries. This chapter is organized to discuss the definition and treatment of a wide range of orthopedic conditions such as femur fractures.