Land subsidence, the gradual sinking of the Earth’s surface, is a critical geohazard driven by natural and anthropogenic factors, with groundwater depletion being a predominant contributor. Instrument-based land subsidence mapping is less effective due to limited spatial coverage and high costs. Satellite remote sensing overcomes these issues by providing large-scale, cost-effective, and consistent monitoring. This chapter focuses on estimating land subsidence in a rapidly urbanizing region using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR remote sensing technique. A total 162 Sentinel-1A images acquired in descending pass between January 1, 2019, and March 22, 2024, were processed to form 503 interferogram pairs. The analysis reveals an average Line of Sight (LOS) velocity ranging from −2.62 to 0.5 cm/year, highlighting the spatial distribution of surface displacement across the region. In Bengaluru North, the northeastern part exhibited subsidence rates of approximately 1 cm/year, with localized areas showing subsidence between 1.5 and 2.62 cm/year. The southeastern and central parts experienced a subsidence rate of around 0.5 cm/year. In Bengaluru South, the southeastern region showed subsidence between 0.1 and 1 cm/year, while the southern part recorded rates around 2 cm/year. Minor upliftments were observed in certain areas of both Bengaluru North and South. Subsidence was primarily seen in Anekal at a rate of 0.5 cm/year. Throughput the study area, the mean LOS velocity’s standard deviation varied between 0 and 0.12 cm/year. A significant correlation between land subsidence and groundwater depletion was found when the displacement time-series derived from SBAS InSAR was compared to the with groundwater level depth at six selected sites. This study emphasis the critical role of satellite-based InSAR technique in tracking land subsidence and offers insightful information for sustainable urban planning and resource management in rapidly urbanizing regions.

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Assessing the Impact of Groundwater Overextraction on Land Subsidence Through Satellite Observations

  • Ankur Pandit,
  • Suryakant Sawant,
  • Jayantrao Mohite,
  • P. Srinivasu

摘要

Land subsidence, the gradual sinking of the Earth’s surface, is a critical geohazard driven by natural and anthropogenic factors, with groundwater depletion being a predominant contributor. Instrument-based land subsidence mapping is less effective due to limited spatial coverage and high costs. Satellite remote sensing overcomes these issues by providing large-scale, cost-effective, and consistent monitoring. This chapter focuses on estimating land subsidence in a rapidly urbanizing region using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) InSAR remote sensing technique. A total 162 Sentinel-1A images acquired in descending pass between January 1, 2019, and March 22, 2024, were processed to form 503 interferogram pairs. The analysis reveals an average Line of Sight (LOS) velocity ranging from −2.62 to 0.5 cm/year, highlighting the spatial distribution of surface displacement across the region. In Bengaluru North, the northeastern part exhibited subsidence rates of approximately 1 cm/year, with localized areas showing subsidence between 1.5 and 2.62 cm/year. The southeastern and central parts experienced a subsidence rate of around 0.5 cm/year. In Bengaluru South, the southeastern region showed subsidence between 0.1 and 1 cm/year, while the southern part recorded rates around 2 cm/year. Minor upliftments were observed in certain areas of both Bengaluru North and South. Subsidence was primarily seen in Anekal at a rate of 0.5 cm/year. Throughput the study area, the mean LOS velocity’s standard deviation varied between 0 and 0.12 cm/year. A significant correlation between land subsidence and groundwater depletion was found when the displacement time-series derived from SBAS InSAR was compared to the with groundwater level depth at six selected sites. This study emphasis the critical role of satellite-based InSAR technique in tracking land subsidence and offers insightful information for sustainable urban planning and resource management in rapidly urbanizing regions.