This study focuses on the “post-truth era,” in which thoughts and beliefs have replaced facts and evidence in the creation of mass manipulation. In order to prevent false beliefs formed by collective beliefs and mass manipulation in societies, it has been suggested that individuals and societies be equipped with critical scientific literacy as a solution. Scientific literacy includes not only being knowledgeable about scientific facts and theories, but also the ability to critically evaluate information, recognize reliable expertise, and make logical decisions on scientific issues. This multi-dimensional structure enables individuals to navigate the complex information environment and resist belief traps such as conspiracy theories, paranormal beliefs, and pseudoscience practices. As society acquires scientific literacy skills, such as identifying epistemic knowledge and questioning the authority behind claims, it becomes less susceptible to manipulation and more resistant to belief traps.