Equine veterinarians and farriers have all the necessary education for working with donkeys and mules. The procedures for examination and treatment are the same, but some of the anatomy is different. This chapter describes the clinically relevant anatomical differences. The donkey has a layer of muscle that covers the jugular vein that makes venipuncture challenging. Donkeys and some mules have a pharyngeal recess that can trap a nasogastric tube. Because of the greater vasculature through the spermatic cord, donkeys castrated without ligation bleed excessively. Aging donkeys and mules by their incisor teeth using the horse charts as a guideline is unreliable. A donkey will usually be older than expected. Donkeys and mules are more efficient at converting nutrients to fat and can have extensive disfiguring fat deposits. The location of the nasolacrimal duct orifice in donkeys and mules is highly variable. Understanding the differences will help the treatments go smoothly and the outcomes be favorable. A last section reviews additional differences with less clinical relevance that are merely interesting to know and will surely be known to the client. Donkey and mule ergots are very prominent. Donkeys have chestnuts on the forelimbs only. The composition, shape and size of donkey teeth differ from horses. Donkey mane, forelock and tail differ from horses. Mules have tail hair like their horse parent. Donkeys have multiple anatomical differences in the pharynx and larynx that allow them to create loud sounds during both inspiration and expiration of air. Donkeys and mules have very long ears.