Brassicas, encompassing vital crops like Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. rapa, are integral to global agriculture, serving as a primary source of edible oils, vegetables and fodder. This chapter deals with the propagation and production of Brassicas, highlighting their significance in sustainable farming systems and addressing food security challenges. Propagation techniques, including seed propagation and vegetative methods like tissue culture, are explored, with a focus on improving efficiency and scalability. Furthermore, strategies for managing biotic and abiotic stresses—major constraints in Brassica cultivation—are presented, incorporating conventional breeding to tissue culture and CRISPR techniques. Emerging trends, such as genetic improvements, advanced propagation technologies and their role in mitigating climate change impacts, are discussed, highlighting the scope for innovation. This chapter offers a comprehensive guide to Brassica cultivation, addressing challenges and proposing solutions for enhanced productivity and sustainability. This chapter aims to provide a resource for researchers, agriculturists and policymakers to optimise Brassica production systems while contributing to global food security.