Although Brassicas can be cultivated in a variety of climates, they are generally considered a winter crop. The ideal temperature range is 14–21 °C, with minimum and maximum temperatures ranging from 4 to 30 °C depending on the variety, thus grown in temperate climates as well as in tropical and subtropical regions at higher elevations or during the winter months (Ahmad et al. 2012). They generally prefer deep, well-drained, rich, friable soils with a neutral pH, such as sandy or silty loams. The optimum pH for soils rich in organic matter is reported to be 5.8, but for mineral-rich soils, it can be as high as 6.5 (Björkman et al. 2011). Many studies have evaluated the ecological tolerance levels of certain Brassica species. The plants in the B. oleracea group can tolerate hard frosts down to −10 °C during their growth stages, but they can typically withstand frosts down to −6 °C on average. The Brassica vegetables grow and develop best within a temperature range of 10–24 °C, and water requirements generally vary between 380 and 500 mm, depending on ecological conditions and the growth stage of the plant. Furthermore, soil pH values between 6.0 and 6.8 are reported to be ideal for their growth, depending on the soil structure (Bradley et al. 2009; FAO 2019). The ideal temperature range for the growth and development is 10–27.5 °C for B. rapa, which grows in the areas with an annual rainfall of 350–4100 mm and on soils with a pH level of 4.8–8.5, shows high ecological tolerance and can tolerate drought conditions, moderate temperatures and low-fertility soils (Duke 1983; Hannaway and Larson 2004; Clark 2007).