Environmental pollution poses a growing threat to the planet’s ecosystems and human health. Various manufacturing industrial chemicals released into the water include dyes, phenolic derivatives, heavy metals, and other industrial waste materials that can act as hazardous pollutants affecting the animals nearby. The pectin-based nanocomposites such as pectin-graphene oxide, pectin-thorium tungsto-molybdate, pectin-cadmium sulfide, pectin-graphene oxide-magnesium ferrite-zinc oxide, etc. have been effective in adsorption or photocatalytic bioremediation pollutants. The dual-responsive pectin-graphene oxide nanocomposites are efficient in the adsorption of heavy metal Cr (III) ions and act as photocatalyst to degrade organic dyes in the water. In this context, using naturally occurring compounds to combat pollutants has gotten a lot of attention. A natural polymer pectin can potentially help to reduce this global issue by assisting the degradation of environmental pollutants. Pectin comes from fruits like citrus and apples. It’s been recognized as a good way to fight against pollutants because it’s biodegradable and not toxic. The chemical structure of it is both effective as a catalyst and adsorbent for various types of contamination like heavy metals, organic dyes, and industrial waste. There are three ways that pectin breaks down pollutants: adsorption, coagulation, and precipitation. All these ways eventually separate the pollutant from its water sources. Pectin also has certain functional groups that form complexes with contaminants that assist in removing the pollutants. The nanocomposites made with pectin or modified pectin derivatives help to remove and degrade the pollutants.