The modern world provides simple access to all areas necessary for a comfortable living and interpersonal interactions. The world is gradually becoming more exposed to the most dangerous aspect of existing environmental pollution while providing such a resource. If the action in question is not handled seriously, it will have a negative impact on environmental security and pose serious issues for all of the living things in this ecosystem. Environmental pollutants are compounds that are introduced into an open environment and disrupt living ecosystems. Some of these substances may naturally occur, but most are introduced by human activities such as energy generation, agriculture, and industry. Numerous scientifically based procedures and initiatives have been launched to identify and regulate dangerous pollutants. However, these measures alone are insufficient to bring about a significant shift, and the problem will remain difficult to fix. Simple, quick, inexpensive, and sensitive procedures are required for the development of the initiative to address global pollution and to detect pollutants. To create biosensors, methods like enzyme immobilization could be applied. Biosensors are among the items listed above. Enzyme, whole cell, antibody, aptamer, and DNA-based approaches for the detection of environmental contaminants have been popular recently. This chapter reviews and discusses types of contaminants, development hurdles, and techniques for detecting environmental pollutants using enzyme-based biosensors.