Speculative fiction is useful to speculate on mundane realities and to approach them from radically new angles. The object of speculation in the works analyzed is motherhood and mothering, both the process of begetting a child and of raising them, whether this is done by the same person or by different individuals. Motherhood and mothering were objects of intense scrutiny under second-wave feminism, which was split in its approach between exalting the biological capacity of women to give birth and criticizing that very same capacity as part of women’s subordination in patriarchy. Women’s science fiction (SF) of the 1960s and 1970s responded in different ways to these two trends. Beginning, precisely, with texts from these decades, this volume looks mainly at the ways twenty-first-century authors are renewing the representation of motherhood and mothering, when even the definition of biological motherhood is unstable and when trans* and queer activisms have upended 1990s gender performativity.