The transition in healthcare in Society 5.0 represents a step toward a human-centric and technological future that encompasses not only economic development but also solutions to social problems. Society 5.0 foresees the implementation of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and big data in healthcare systems to improve quality, accessibility, and sustainability. This change creates the need for theoretical approaches that combine systems thinking, socio-technical paradigms, and human-centered models. These frameworks investigate whether digital technologies, healthcare operations, and personalized care models can work together to enhance patient outcomes, decrease disparities, and build more resilient healthcare infrastructures. The chapter presents the major theories, namely socio-technical systems theory, the systems engineering approach, and person-centered healthcare, which together provide a holistic, adaptive transformation of healthcare in Society 5.0. The role of multi-sectoral collaboration, ethical governance, and integration of social determinants of health in these theoretical models is also discussed.