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Synaptic transmission between pre- and postsynaptic neurons occurs when the presynaptic neuron terminal is temporarily depolarized upon action potential arrival, opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at synapsesSynapse. Ca2+ will flow into the presynapse, and it will trigger the fusion of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesiclesSynaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in less than a millisecond. Neurotransmitter molecules are then released into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie this complex cellular process requires detailed knowledge of the spatial and structural organization of the macromolecular components of the synapse. This chapter focuses on recent structural insights into the presynaptic machinery and the spatial relationship between synaptic vesicles, presynaptic factors, and postsynaptic receptors.

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Recent Structural Insights into the Molecular Architecture of Synapses

  • 章节

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Axel T. Brunger,
  • Richard G. Held,
  • Yousuf A. Khan,
  • Jeremy Leitz,
  • Jiahao Liang,
  • Chuchu Wang,
  • K. Ian White

摘要

Synaptic transmission between pre- and postsynaptic neurons occurs when the presynaptic neuron terminal is temporarily depolarized upon action potential arrival, opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at synapsesSynapse. Ca2+ will flow into the presynapse, and it will trigger the fusion of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesiclesSynaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane in less than a millisecond. Neurotransmitter molecules are then released into the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors in the postsynaptic membrane. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie this complex cellular process requires detailed knowledge of the spatial and structural organization of the macromolecular components of the synapse. This chapter focuses on recent structural insights into the presynaptic machinery and the spatial relationship between synaptic vesicles, presynaptic factors, and postsynaptic receptors.