Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been a pivotal neurosurgical technique for over 30 years, with its roots dating back more than a century. This chapter explores the history, technological evolution, clinical indications, and surgical procedures associated with DBS. The first reported DBS procedure for movement disorders was performed in 1987 by Dr. Alim Louis Benabid, who treated a patient with dystonia. However, foundational research began much earlier, with Fritsch and Hitzig’s 1870s experiments demonstrating the brain’s reliance on electrical signaling. Further advancements were made with Penfield’s mid-twentieth-century brain mapping, yet practical DBS applications emerged decades later. By the 1960s, stereotactic lesioning was common for conditions like Parkinson’s disease (PD), but reversible stimulation proved more advantageous. Over the following decades, DBS expanded to treat various movement disorders, cementing its role as a preferred, adjustable, and reversible intervention in neurosurgery.