Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) are a widely used neurophysiological modality in intraoperative monitoring, primarily for assessing the integrity of the dorsal column-medial lemniscus (DCML) pathway and the broader sensory system. Due to their versatility, SSEPs are frequently employed across various surgical specialties, offering critical insights into the functional status of sensory function. They are particularly valuable in detecting neurological complications such as stroke, neural structure compromise, vascular insufficiency, and peripheral nerve injuries. Given their role as a cornerstone in many neuromonitoring protocols, it is essential for clinicians to possess a comprehensive understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and clinical applications of SSEPs to ensure optimal patient outcomes.