What is value? Is it simply the same as price? Do forms of things alter to aid our understanding? Since bourgeois economics has no theory of value, (value equals price) it has no need to delve into appearances searching for a hidden reality; it has one form, and it is visible. Less so when it comes to causation in economics; levers such as interest rates and regulations sometimes have unpredictable results. This chapter is perhaps the most difficult in the book since it discusses Marx’s forms; appearance and reality, commodity-form, capital-form, money-form. Marx proves that capitalism exploits labour and that it’s mode of production necessarily results in periodic socio-economic crises the tendency for the rate-of-profit to fall (TRPF), he substantiates. By creating an abstract alternative universe using a range of forms, Marx shows what is really going on in capitalism; to do this illustrates how the same thing or activity takes different forms. He conceptualises a value framework hidden behind markets and prices: the labour theory of value, abstract social labour: a world of united opposites: appearance or essence/reality, concrete/abstract labour and value. He resolves these contradictions by showing how production for need (use-values) can counter the capitalistic drive for accumulation and production for profit and its need for market and money mediation causing alienation and fetishisation of products/commodities. These arguments are illustrated in a case featuring exchange-values and use-values explaining the post-2008 international economy linking closely to discussion in chapter-7 on democracy and innovation.