Chapter 5 explores knowledge what Arrow (Rev Econ Stud, 29: 155–173, 1962) terms the residual factor (a black box) in explaining company success. Marx was ambivalent towards science and technology as improving productivity and/or alternatively cutting jobs, immiserating labour and giving neo-Taylorist control over labour processes. Living labour, knowledge and science and technology exist in a world of dialectical change. Congealed profit from generations of dead labour in the form of capital exploits living labour in the same way that knowledge from dead labour is used to exploit living labour. Use-values embed knowledge to create problem-solving wealth; this chapter explores human learning and knowledge creating processes and gap between science and technology—how capitalism holds back exploitation of human ability to solve problems using both goods and services: creativity, experimentation and entrepreneurship. Using Ilyenkov (2008) and Vygotsky (The collected works of LS Vygotsky: Vol. 1, Problems of general psychology. Plenum, NY, 1934) a learning framework is discussed for use in analysis of social and technological change. The chapter critiques how marketing is applied to services, how public management responds to new public management, the notion of value destruction in services and the (audience labour) argument that services users not providers are the creators of value. Exploring the invisible content of use-values brings us to what Marx acknowledges as the most difficult part of his theory where he joins Hegel in showing how the social mediates all human activity differentiating appearance from reality: the subject of Chap. 6 .