Agriculture still is the crucial sector for a spatially balanced (social and economic) development of countries and regions. It specifically provides food and a safe source of income for developing countries, even if inadequate farming practices could also threaten soil fertility, thus causing erosion and triggering other degradation processes. In addition, agricultural production significantly impacts Carbon Dioxide emissions, thus contributing to climate changeClimate change. The study analyses the development of agricultural land in 165 countries between 1961 and 2018, through the World BankWorld Bank indicatorIndicators representing agricultural land as the per cent share in total landscape. Empirical results of our analysis highlight that, in general, the global percentage of agricultural land has not experienced relevant changes throughout the investigated period. Peculiarities emerge in some countries characterized by substantial variations in the amount of land for agriculture and livestock. The already existing inequalities between the different countries, in turn, became more pronounced. An increasing population raises questions about production methods, fibre redistribution, and food securityFood security, aimed at encouraging the durable development of an economically and environmentally sustainable agricultural system.