In an era of uncertainty, geopolitics and geoeconomics are becoming crucial tools for understanding international commerce and sustainable development. In this chapter, we conceptualize how those interconnected fields may reshape trade and business. The study examines the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a focus on their implementation in Latin America. Specifically, we compare Mexico and Brazil, the two leading economies in the region, analyzing their local SDG implementation. As both countries’ economies are significant recipients of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from China and the United States, we include this variable in our analysis, seeking external factors that influence business decisions. We conduct an overview of the implementation of the SDGs in Mexico and Brazil, as well as factors influencing business decisions on sustainability and the geopolitical alignment of Mexico and Brazil with China and the United States. We further discuss the perceived consequences of potential commercial alliances and their sustainability-related implications through scenario analysis, considering geopolitical factors. Thus, the study offers valuable insights into international business and sustainability, providing practical lessons for public and private decision-makers.