Residency training is the first step a physician takes after medical school to gain clinical training and specialization. Residents balance the dual roles of learner and physician. For the first time, resident physicians become the primary physician responsible for patient care and gain autonomy as they progress in their training. Residents work long hours, rotate through diverse learning environments, frequently change work teams, and are in a state of perpetual learning. Many residents are living far from family. All of this makes residents vulnerable to large scale disruptions in workplace protocols, increased patient care burdens, and communicable disease. This chapter speaks about the challenges faced by primary care residents during the pandemic, drawing on the experiences of the authors either as residents or working closely with residents, as well as the published literature on residency education during the pandemic. Additional insights are from qualitative interviews with family medicine residents at Oregon Health & Science University during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conclude with recommendations about how to mitigate impacts on residents in future crises. Chapter authors are from programs in Oregon, Texas, New York, and California to reflect the different experiences residents had based on their location.