This chapter summarizes the current knowledge on Long COVID epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, highlighting the distinctive challenges and opportunities that Long COVID poses for primary care clinicians and the broader primary care health system. Long COVID refers to a range of infection-associated chronic conditions that may develop after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID is associated with signs or symptoms from multiple organ systems and can impact patients’ well-being through a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Long COVID emerged amid a period of heightened strain both for the health care system and for individuals’ resilience for personal recovery. This chapter explores how the primary care health system can play a key role in helping patients personalize their recovery from Long COVID and other infection-associated chronic conditions.