Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual disorder with multifactorial etiology, characterized by the persistent inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Epidemiological data indicate a strong age-related prevalence, affecting up to 52% of men aged 40–70, with higher rates observed in patients with comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and hypogonadism. ED is increasingly recognized as a sentinel marker of endothelial dysfunction and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Diagnostic evaluation should begin with a detailed medical, sexual, and psychosocial history, supplemented by validated instruments. Physical examination and targeted laboratory testing (e.g., serum testosterone, fasting glucose, lipid profile) are essential for identifying reversible causes. In selected cases, penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography or nocturnal penile tumescence testing may be warranted. Early identification and risk stratification of ED within urological practice are critical for effective management and for uncovering systemic pathologies.