Priapism, a rare condition where an erection persists for over 4 hours without sexual stimulation or orgasm, can lead to long-term erectile dysfunction if left untreated. As one of the few urological emergencies necessitating prompt medical intervention, the immediate goals for treating ischemic priapism are relieving the painful erection and preserving cavernosal smooth muscle function. This chapter evaluates the latest advances in priapism management. Although providing optimal treatment remains challenging, our understanding and approach have improved significantly through decades of clinical and basic science research and artificial intelligence-power models.