The terminologies Nutrigenomics, Nutrigenetics and Personalized Nutrition have become the buzz words among the fraternities of Nutrition and Dietetics. The days are gone when we had been discussing diet role and or food in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases. Nutrigenomics, propelled by an ever-advancing suite of “omics” technologies, is undeniably revolutionizing our fundamental understanding of the intricate and dynamic interactions between nutrients, dietary patterns, and ones’ unique genetic and molecular makeup. This evolving field is progressively moving nutritional science beyond generalized recommendations towards a more precise, mechanistic, and personalized paradigm aimed at optimizing health, preventing chronic diseases, and enhancing overall well-being. Advanced technologies such as proteomics, metabolomics, comprehensive microbiome analysis, and the precise gene-editing capabilities of CRISPR-Cas systems are providing unprecedented, high-resolution insights into the complex biological pathways that mediate the influence of diet on human physiology. This chapter summarizes how these sophisticated tools are instrumental in discovering novel biomarkers of dietary exposure, nutrient status, and disease risk and also in explainingthe mechanism of molecules by which dietary components exert their effects at cellular and systemic levels; and in identifying individual variations in response to nutrition andultimately, how this wealth of knowledge is leading to the development and implementation of personalised nutrition strategies, custom-made to aperson’s unique biological profile.