This opening chapter introduces the book Artificial Intelligence and Government by examining how AI technologies are reshaping governance, public administration, and service delivery. It outlines the emergence of AI as a transformative tool with the potential to enhance government operations through increased efficiency, data-driven policymaking, and predictive capabilities. The chapter explores foundational concepts and briefly explains key types of AI, such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics, along with their practical applications in areas such as healthcare, smart cities, and civic engagement. The chapter also discusses the ethical, legal, and institutional challenges associated with AI deployment, including risks related to bias, transparency, surveillance, and job displacement. In response, it highlights global efforts to develop responsible AI governance, such as Canada’s Algorithmic Impact Assessment and the EU’s AI Act. In addition to this thematic exploration, the chapter provides an overview of the organization of the book, detailing its division into three thematic parts: foundational strategies and adoption (Part I), applied case studies and functional use (Part II), and critical reflections and regulatory insights (Part III). It summarizes the focus of each chapter to guide readers through the book’s comprehensive analysis. Overall, this chapter introduces the book’s interdisciplinary, empirical, and forward-looking approach to examining AI’s evolving role in enhancing—and challenging—government operations.