Conservation and restoration interventions must be implemented whenever the preservation of a cultural asset and its transmission to future generations, is deemed at risk. The causes and mechanisms by which cultural heritage undergoes progressive deterioration are numerous and complex, as are the restoration operations devised to address various issues and ensure their preservation. In light of the recent and growing need to identify solutions that are not only effective but also environmentally sustainable, promoting a gradual ecological transition in the field of cultural heritage, there is increasing interest in green materials and methods. Within this context, the ICR, is currently exploring the possibilities of bio-based solutions for consolidation purposes. The joint efforts of restoration and scientific laboratories is especially devoted to experimental campaigns started in order to test innovative environmentally friendly nanomaterials. As a part of these activities, ICR is recently focussing on the investigation of nanocellulose compounds for the consolidation and structural reinforcement of organic supports of cultural heritage, such as textile fibres, canvas, wood and paper. Nanocellulose, capable of obtaining good results without altering their main characteristics and chemical properties of cellulosic substrates, represents an attractive alternative to the use of synthetic polymers.