The legacy of colonialism pervades anatomical science, shaping the way bodies are categorized, classified, and understood. This chapter explores the intersections between coloniality, sex, gender, and anatomy, critically examining how anatomical knowledge has been historically constructed to reinforce binary sex and gender systems. By tracing the historical links between anatomy and colonial power, this chapter highlights the ways in which anatomical science has been used to justify racial and gender hierarchies, enforce normative frameworks, and marginalize non-Western epistemologies. Furthermore, it calls for the decolonization of anatomical education, offering strategies to challenge entrenched biases and develop more inclusive and critical pedagogical approaches. The chapter argues that true decolonization requires not only curriculum reform but also broader institutional and material changes that acknowledge and dismantle the colonial legacies of anatomical science.