Compost is the product of aerobic, thermophilic, solid-state fermentation of a range of organic materials, including manures of cattle, poultry animals, different types of crop residue and other agro-industrial decomposable organic materials. Composted organic matter has been used as a fertilizer in agriculture for time immemorial due to its beneficial effects of improving physico-chemical, biological properties, and productivity of soil. Compost has a variable degree of plant-available nutrients, improves soil organic carbon, soil structure and causes increases in soil microbial diversity. Due to the above-mentioned properties of compost, it is one of the best amendments for improving fertility and soil health. Soil health is defined as the continued capacity of soil to maintain ecosystem services and functions without harming the environment. The concept of soil is quite new and is strictly focused on living components of soil represented by devastating microbial biodiversity. In the present-day, due to an increasing global population, the demand for industrial inorganic fertilizers in soil is continuously rising. These synthetic fertilizers are preferred over conventional organic fertilizers because their response is quick and short, but due to the excess use of these chemical fertilizers, soil health is continuously degrading across the world, which depletes soil productivity, converting the fertile land into unproductive barren land. To check the rapid intensification of unfertile barren land and to maintain soil functioning and ecosystem services, regular and frequent application of compost-based organic amendments must be increased. Compost is derived from several decomposable organic raw materials and is rich in organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and iron, etc., supplying and maintaining optimum microbial diversity in soil. The application of organic amendments in soil significantly improves soil organic carbon content, nutrient availability, improves soil structure, reduces the availability of toxic substances to plant roots and improves soil microbial diversity, a key component of healthy soils.