Despite remarkable advances in neurology and neurophysiology, the human brain remains one of the greatest scientific enigmas. How does it truly work? From which neural centers are our physical and mental actions controlled? How do neural circuits develop and connect? These are the fundamental questions that Rafael Yuste seeks to answer through his BRAIN Project, an ambitious international research project based in the United States. Supported by the U.S. Congress and launched under the Obama administration, the BRAIN Initiative aims to unravel these profound mysteries. Early answers are beginning to emerge, shedding light on the brain’s complex networks and their functions. In parallel, this groundbreaking work has sparked the definition of neuro-rights—ethical and legal principles designed to protect mental privacy and human identity in the face of rapidly advancing neurotechnologies. The BRAIN Project promises to transform our understanding of how the brain operates, paving the way for innovative treatments for dysfunction and neurological disease, while safeguarding fundamental human rights.