The health of the world’s oceans is under serious threat from various anthropogenic activities, including chemical pollution, ocean acidification, microplastic contamination, eutrophication, and the degradation of blue carbon ecosystems. Multiple analytical techniques, including nuclear techniques, have been developed for monitoring coastal and marine systems. To assess the role of using these techniques for marine ecosystem management, a Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework was applied. The analysis underlined the importance of nuclear approaches in providing precise data for marine environmental monitoring. It also emphasized the role of these techniques in bridging scientific capabilities with environmental assessment, policy development, and management strategies.